What Do Rabbits Eat? Everything a Pet Parent Should Know about Rabbit Food

Rabbits are some of the cutest and most lovable pets, but to keep them happy and healthy, it’s important to feed them the right diet. If you’re a new bunny parent or simply curious about what your rabbit eats, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know about rabbit food, from their hay and vegetable favorites to safe treats and more.

What Can Rabbits Eat?

Rabbits are herbivores, which means they only eat plant-based foods. Their diet should be well-balanced, focusing mainly on fiber to support digestion and their constantly growing teeth. Here’s a breakdown of what your bunny should eat:

• 80% Hay

• A small amount of high-quality pellets

• Fresh leafy greens

• Occasional treats

Hay is a vital part of a rabbit’s diet and should be available to them at all times. It helps with digestion and keeps their teeth healthy, as they need to chew on it to wear down their continuously growing teeth. Additionally, fresh, clean water should be provided daily in both a sipper bottle and a bowl to keep your rabbit hydrated.

Hay: The Staple of a Rabbit’s Diet

Hay is essential for your rabbit’s health, and it should be the primary component of their diet. You can choose from several types of hay, but some of the best options include:

• Timothy Hay – The most common and appropriate hay for adult rabbits.

• Orchard Grass Hay – A sweet-smelling, soft hay that’s perfect for rabbits who are picky about texture.

• Meadow Hay – A wild, mixed grass option, ideal for variety.

• Oat Hay – High in fiber, this is another great choice for adults.

If you have a young bunny (under 1 year old), or a pregnant or lactating rabbit, alfalfa hay is a good option because it’s higher in protein and calcium, which are crucial for growth. However, alfalfa should be given sparingly to adult rabbits as it can lead to obesity and bladder stones due to its high calcium content.

Rabbit Pellets: The Supplementary Source of Nutrients

Rabbit pellets provide essential vitamins and minerals, but they should only make up a small part of your bunny’s diet. Pellets should be based on high-fiber, Timothy hay, and should be free of seeds, nuts, and grains. These ingredients can be hard for rabbits to digest and may cause digestive issues.

Typically, you should feed your rabbit 1/4 to 1/2 cup of pellets per 4–5 pounds of body weight daily. Overfeeding pellets can lead to obesity, diarrhea, or upset stomachs, so moderation is key.

Treats: Fun for Your Rabbit, but in Moderation

Rabbits love treats, but they should only make up 10% or less of their overall diet. Too many treats can upset their digestive system and cause bloating, diarrhea, or even decreased gut movement.

Some great bunny-friendly treats include:

• Fruits: Apples (without the core), pears, plums, and peaches.

• Vegetables: Leafy greens such as romaine lettuce, kale, dandelion greens, and parsley.

While these are safe, they should be given in small portions to avoid overwhelming your rabbit’s digestive system with sugar or excessive fiber. Remember to remove any seeds or pits from fruits, as they can be toxic to rabbits.

What About Veggies?

In addition to fruits, rabbits can enjoy a variety of leafy greens. Some safe options include:

• Romaine lettuce

• Carrot tops

• Endive

• Basil

• Kale

• Cabbage

• Brussels sprouts

• Squash

• Parsley

• Celery

These vegetables are rich in essential nutrients and provide your bunny with variety in their diet, but they should always be fresh and washed thoroughly to remove any pesticides or harmful chemicals.

Supplements: When and How to Use Them

Rabbits that are eating a balanced, high-quality diet typically don’t need any supplements. However, if your rabbit has a medical condition or is not eating well, your vet may recommend adding a feeding formula to help ensure they’re getting enough nutrition. Always consult with your vet before giving your rabbit any kind of supplement.

What Do Wild Rabbits Eat?

You might wonder what wild rabbits eat compared to their domesticated cousins. Wild rabbits typically forage for grass, clover, and some vegetables, including flowers, twigs, and bark. Their diet consists mostly of grass and plants with a low nutritional value.

However, wild rabbits don’t have the same dietary needs as pet rabbits. Domestic rabbits should not be allowed to eat like wild rabbits, as they might forage unsafe or contaminated food in your yard. Additionally, wild rabbits can carry diseases such as rabbit hemorrhagic disease or tick-borne illnesses, which can be transmitted to your pet.

Choosing the Best Rabbit Food

To ensure that your rabbit’s diet is as healthy as possible, always choose fresh, high-quality hay and high-fiber pellets. Here are some tips for selecting the best food:

• Hay should be fresh, green, and free of mold, dirt, or twigs. Look for hay that is low in dust, especially for rabbits with sensitive respiratory systems.

• Pellets should be rich in fiber (18–22%) and free of artificial additives or sweeteners. Look for brands that use Timothy hay as the base ingredient and avoid pellets with seeds, nuts, or grains.

Additionally, check the expiration date on the pellet packaging to ensure they’re fresh, and avoid pellets that smell moldy or sour.

What Not to Feed Your Rabbit

There are several foods that are dangerous to rabbits and should never be given to them:

• Chocolate

• Meat, eggs, or dairy

• Beans

• Nuts and seeds

• Processed foods like bread

• Avocados

• Mushrooms

• Toxic plants (like lilies or daffodils)

• Rhubarb

• Onions

Feeding your rabbit these items could lead to serious health problems, including toxicity, digestive issues, or even death.

Common Rabbit Food Questions

• Do wild rabbits eat lettuce? Yes, if they’re near a garden, they might eat lettuce, but it’s not a staple of their diet.

• Can rabbits eat apples? Yes, but only in small amounts and without the seeds or core, as they can be harmful.

• Do wild rabbits eat carrots? Wild rabbits typically do not dig for carrots but may eat the tops if they find them.

Feeding your rabbit properly is essential for their health and happiness. By providing a balanced diet of hay, fresh vegetables, and the occasional treat, you can ensure that your bunny lives a long, healthy life. Always keep an eye on your rabbit’s weight and behavior to ensure they’re getting the right nutrients, and don’t hesitate to consult a vet if you have any concerns about their diet or health.

By offering your rabbit the right food, you'll help them thrive and enjoy a full, active life as a beloved member of your family.